THE CHAMBER OF
MINERALS AND ENERGY
OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA INC
RESPONSE TO
PRODUCTIVITY COMMISSION'S
INTERIM REPORT ON
NATIONAL WORKERS' COMPENSATION
AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND
SAFETY FRAMEWORKS
I
I
30 JANUARY 2004

I.	INTRODUCTION
The Chamber of Minerals and Energy of Western Australia Inc (CME) is the peak representative body for the minerals and energy sector of Western Australia and has represented the collective interests of its members for over one hundred years. Directly employing some 40,000 people, the industry is passionate about protecting the health and safety of these individuals.

CME welcomes the opportunity to provide a response to the Productivity Commission Interim Report on National Workers' Compensation and Occupational Health and Safety Frameworks to ensure that an appropriate legislative framework exists within which the industry can operate.

Following review of the Interim Report and consultation with its members, CME is of the opinion that the proposed recommendations do not provide realistic propositions to facilitate a nationally consistent legislative framework for either workers' compensation or occupational health and safety. The recommendations do not simplify requirements and will not necessarily ensure consistency across all jurisdictions. In making this statement, CME acknowledges that a number of the recommendations contain potential improvements and supports them in principle. However, this is conditional on further detail being provided by the Commission on some matters. CME's position on the individual recommendations is detailed below.

In general, CME is supportive of the introduction of a system whereby organisations which operate in more than one jurisdiction can consider obtaining coverage under a national system. However, concern is expressed regarding the proposal to create circumstances whereby there is the option for national coverage in addition to state specific requirements. Rather than streamlining systems, this may result in the potential for added complexity and confusion, with different procedural requirements applying to various employers and employees on one site given the extensive use of contractors in the resources industry.

CME submits that a legislative framework supportive of a risk and performance based approach is required for future legislation for the mining industry in order to promote progressive and continuous improvement in the area of health and safety. Additionally, there is a need for national consistency and for the legislation in the areas of workers' compensation and occupational health and safety to embody the basic principles of efficiency, effectiveness and affordability.

Regardless of the changes made to either state systems, or the introduction of a national system, CME considers it essential that extensive consideration is given to ensuring that mechanisms exist for evaluating both the cost and impact of the proposed changes which may be implemented to ensure inflexible and onerous rules and standards are not imposed on employers which do little to improve safety performance. A responsive system whereby self-regulation is promoted and enhanced is most desirable.
2.	INTERIM RECOMMENDATIONS
National frameworks for occupational health and safety
To assist ensure a safe working environment across the minerals and energy industry, CME supports the proposed framework which allows for consistency in legislation across all jurisdictions. This will minimise duplication of effort, allow industry to focus on innovation and improvements and achieve a reduction in the administration costs associated with complying with requirements. CME considers that occupational health and safety legislation should be risk and performance based allowing employers, in consultation with employees, to manage health and safety matters as was intended under the Robens model.

In a number of jurisdictions industry specific legislation exists governing the health and safety requirements of mining operations rather than them coming under the scope of the principal occupational health and safety statutes.

In 2002, the Ministerial Council for Mineral and Petroleum Resources, released the National Mine Safety Framework - Realising a Safe and Health Mining Industry: the

Contribution of Government and more recently a discussion paper has been circulated for comment on the Implementation Plan for the Framework prepared by the Conference of Chief Inspectors of Mines. This approach also aims for national consistency in legislation while fostering a best practice approach and a focus on continuous improvement that does not inhibit innovation.

On review of the Productivity Commission Interim Report it does not appear that consideration has been given to the relationships between these industry-specific statutes and the general occupational health and safety legislation and activities which are happening within the minerals industry in parallel with the Inquiry. Specifically the scope of the proposed national occupational health and safety framework does not identify whether it applies to the minerals industry.

CME would not support acts, regulations and codes approved by the Workplace Relations Ministers' Council (WRMC) being applied without variation to the minerals industry at this time.

For consideration to be given to this occurring, appropriate minerals industry representation would need to be guaranteed on the National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (NOHSC) board and advisory committees to ensure onerous legislative requirements would not be imposed on an industry that is focused on achieving high levels of performance in occupational health and safety through the application of a risk and performance based legislative framework. Rather CME proposes that national consistency for the minerals industry continue to be pursued under the proposed National Mines Safety Framework.

There is some overlap between the above issue and the section of the interim recommendation which relates to employers who are licensed to self-insure under the Commonwealth's workers' compensation scheme electing to be covered by Commonwealth occupational health and safety legislation. Closer examination of the Commonwealth legislation would need to be undertaken prior to support being given to this to ensure that it facilitates the risk management and performance based approached

extensively used across the resources industry. Additionally, this recommendation creates the potential for added complexity and confusion as different procedural requirements will apply to the various employers and employees on one site given the extensive use of contractors in the resources industry.

An additional area in which this recommendation introduces complexity is that of enforcement. CME considers that on worksites where potentially both state and commonwealth statutes apply under the proposed new system, confusion will exist over which legislation is being enforced by which regulators. Clarification needs to be provided on the scope and jurisdiction of the inspectors from both the state and commonwealth schemes to prevent uncertainty and any misunderstandings.

CME has some additional general concerns regarding the remaining items covered under the interim recommendation relating to a national framework for occupational health and safety. Prior to being able to provide support for the recommendation additional information on a number issues is required regarding the proposed smaller NOHSC board. Specifically, clarification is sought on:
•	whether the NOHSC board will continue to incorporate tripartite representation. CME supports the implementation of an expertise based board however also considers it essential that there is industry representation to prevent onerous irrelevant obligations being enforced on employers.
•	the proposed role, functions and scope of the NOHSC board. CME considers that it would be beneficial to outline the main functions of the board as has been done for the proposed workers' compensation body.
•	the relationship between the NOHSC board, the three committees proposed in the recommendation and the WRMC. CME considers it necessary to identify whether the input of the three committees occurs through the board or whether they operate in parallel, but independent to the board.

National frameworks for workers' compensation
CME considers it necessary to ensure greater consistency occurs across jurisdictions in workers' compensation to minimise administrative burdens and financial costs multi-jurisdiction employers are faced with.

In the short to medium term the recommendation relating to national frameworks for workers' compensation predominantly focuses on organisations which would be eligible for self insurance and offers little improvement for those organisations which would not meet the requirements for self insurance. CME considers it necessary that the Commission give greater consideration to strategies whereby increased consistency can be achieved across jurisdictions so that efficiencies can be achieved in workers' compensation matters regardless of an organisations ability to become self insured.

CME is concerned that given the extensive use of contractors within the resources industry the recommendation included in the Interim Report does little to reduce the level of complexity on workers' compensation matters especially where employers may be insured under a national scheme while others insured under a state based scheme. To prevent disputes and cost shifting from one system to another it will be necessary that the responsibility for workers' compensation under the principal/contractor relationship is clarified and explicitly understood by all parties.

Another concern that is held by CME regarding this interim recommendation is the adoption of the Comcare scheme. While the move to allow access to national coverage is endorsed, CME considered that it would be necessary for a review of the Comcare scheme to be undertaken. Modifications need to be made to various aspects of the system, for example the benefit structure and eligibility, prior to support being given for the adoption of the first step contained in the interim recommendation.
Defining access and coverage
CME considers it necessary for further consideration to be given by the Inquiry on the need for consistency and clarification regarding the responsibilities of principals, contactors and sub contractors in the provision of, and access to, workers'

compensation. This is essential to ensure that where employers on one site maybe covered by either the proposed national system or an existing state scheme disputes do not arise nor cost shifting occurs regarding access and coverage if a claim arises as has been mentioned.

Support is given by CME for the remaining provisions in the interim recommendation relating to defining access and coverage.
Injury management
CME is strongly of the opinion that the primary focus of workers' compensation legislation should be on early intervention and return to work as opposed to ongoing compensation of injured workers. As such support is given to components of the interim recommendation which facilitate a durable return to work, including early intervention, early notification of claims, workplace based rehabilitation where possible and the partnership of the employer, employee and treating doctor developing and implementing return to work programs.

Support is not given by CME to the provisional assignment of liability. While this may assist with early intervention there is the potential for an increase in disputes to arise between employees and employers and costs incurred by employers on claims that are not legitimate. Consideration needs to be given to circumstances which may arise where, on investigation of a claim, liability is denied. For example, this may occur where the injury is found not to be work related.

If payments have been made on such a claim, insurance companies and/or the employer are going to have to seek reimbursement for expenses incurred to ensure that they do not end up bearing the costs of non work related injuries.

Rather to address early intervention issues, strategies should be considered and promoted which ensure efficient decision making occurs on the liability of claims.

Common law access
Support is given by CME to the interim recommendation relating to common law.
Statutory benefit structures
Support is given by CME for the majority of provisions in the interim recommendation relating to statutory benefit structures. However, it is the opinion of CME that a cap should be applied to all benefits including medical and rehabilitation expenses.
Additionally, treatment protocols should be established through examination of evidence based research practice, to prevent over-servicing and allow for monitoring of service providers. Consideration needs to be given to strategies to ensure all fees and charges are consistent with rates negotiated with relevant professional bodies to prevent over charging by individuals.
Premium setting
Support is given by CME to the interim recommendation relating to premium setting.
However, if changes are made to the definition of wages or remuneration to enable national consistency in the calculation of premiums, is essential that consideration is given by the relevant authority in each jurisdiction to modifying the premium rate. If this does not occur, there is potential for employers to be burdened with unnecessary additional costs, which is not considered acceptable by CME.
CME would like to reinforce the need for premiums to be negotiable and reflect the claims performance of the insured.
The role of private insurers
Support is given by CME to the interim recommendation relating to the role of private insurers.

Self-insurance
Support is given by CME to the majority of provisions contained in the interim recommendation relating to self-insurance.

Only conditional support is given to the provision contained in the interim recommendation regarding occupational health and safety requirements applying equally to all employers. Without being aware of the content of these requirements it is not possible to support this recommendation in full.
Dispute resolution in workers' compensation
CME supports non-adversarial dispute resolution systems. As such, any recommendations which advocated for the increased unnecessary use of lawyers would be opposed. CME would request that the Commissioners clarify whether this is what they intend when recommending that power imbalances be rectified. If so, this needs to be made clear in the recommendation.

Additionally, CME would not support the use of provisional liability payments for the reasons listed above.