Broadcasting
Inquiry report
This inquiry report was released on 11 April 2000 and considers certain basic principles applied to different aspects of Australian broadcasting regulation.
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Broadcasting (PDF 2.3 MB)Contents
Preliminaries
Cover, Copyright, Signing Page, Terms of reference, Disclosure of interests, Contents, Abbreviations, Glossary
PART I EXECUTIVE SUMMARIES
- Executive Summaries
- Key messages, Overview, Summary of recommendations
Part Ii
THE NEED FOR CHANGE
- 1 Reviewing broadcasting regulation
- 1.1 Regulating broadcasting
- 1.2 This inquiry
- 1.3 The Commission’s approach
- 1.4 Objectives of Australian broadcasting regulation
- 1.5 Australia’s broadcasting regulators
- 1.6 Broadcasting policy principles
- 2 The structure of Australian broadcasting
- 2.1 Consumption of media services
- 2.2 Sectors of the broadcasting industry
- 2.3 Financial structure of broadcasting services
- 2.4 Profitability of broadcasting
- 2.5 Conclusions
- 3 Convergence
- 3.1 The nature of convergence
- 3.2 Convergence: a closer look
- 3.3 Towards policy convergence
Part Iii
AUSTRALIAN BROADCASTING INDUSTRIES
- 4 Advertising’s role in broadcasting
- 4.1 Expenditure on advertising in Australia
- 4.2 The economics of Australia’s advertising market
- 4.3 Role of advertising in Australia’s evolving media
- 4.4 Conclusion
- 5 Australia’s audiovisual production industry
- 5.1 Types of audiovisual production
- 5.2 World market for audiovisual programs
- 5.3 Australian audiovisual market
- 5.4 International competitiveness
- 5.5 Australian government assistance to film and television production
Part Iv
OPENING UP THE SPECTRUM
- 6 Managing Australia’s broadcasting spectrum
- 6.1 The role of broadcasting licences
- 6.2 Managing broadcasting spectrum
- 6.3 Licence fees
- 6.4 Spectrum access
- 6.5 Pricing broadcasting spectrum
- 6.6 Allocating broadcast spectrum
- 6.7 Improving spectrum management
- 6.8 Improving spectrum licensing
- 6.9 Conclusion
- 7 From analog to digital
- 7.1 What is digital television?
- 7.2 The current policy framework
- 7.3 From analog to digital television
- 7.4 A new regulatory framework for digital television
- 7.5 Towards digital radio
Part V
DIVERSITY, CONCENTRATION AND COMPETITION
- 8 Structural diversity in Australian broadcasting
- 8.1 Structural diversity
- 8.2 National broadcasters
- 8.3 Community broadcasters
- 8.4 Indigenous broadcasters
- 8.5 Subscription television broadcasters
- 8.6 Narrowcasters
- 9 Concentration, diversity and regulatory barriers to entry
- 9.1 Concentration and diversity
- 9.2 Regulatory restrictions on entry
- 9.3 Reasons for restricting entry
- 9.4 Effects of restrictions on entry
- 9.5 Conclusion and recommendations
- 10 Ownership and control
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Foreign ownership and control rules
- 10.3 Cross-media rules
- 10.4 Audience reach and regional operators
- 10.5 Limits on the number of licences
- 10.6 Access to essential services
Part Vi
PROGRAM CONTENT AND STANDARDS
- 11 Australian content regulation
- 11.1 Objectives of Australian content regulation
- 11.2 Current content regulation system
- 11.3 Compliance with content regulation
- 11.4 Access, diversity and content regulation
- 11.5 Effects of Australian content quotas
- 11.6 Australian content regulation and the future of broadcasting
- 12 Television broadcasting of sport
- 12.1 Broadcasting of sport in Australia
- 12.2 Relationship between broadcasting and sport
- 12.3 Restrictions on sport broadcasting
- 12.4 Is migration a problem?
- 12.5 Conclusion and recommendations
- 13 Codes, conditions and compliance
- 13.1 Managing the influence of broadcasters
- 13.2 Promoting freedom of expression
- 13.3 The BSA and co-regulation
- 13.4 Broadcasting codes of practice
- 13.5 Fair and accurate coverage
- 13.6 Consultation
- 13.7 Complaints
- 13.8 Enforcement
- 13.9 Regulation of online content
Part Vii
Appendices
- A Conduct of the inquiry
- B Licence conditions and fees
- National broadcasting services
- Commercial television and radio broadcasting licences
- Community television and radio broadcasting licences
- Subscription television broadcasting licences
- Class licences for subscription broadcasting and narrowcasting
- Other broadcasting services
- C The Indigenous broadcasting sector
- Dr Michael Meadows Australian Key Centre for Cultural and Media Policy
- Introduction
- Scope of current scholarship
- Analytical and methodological frameworks for evaluating Indigenous media
- Existing policy: history, objectives, implementation and achievement
- Implications of technological change
- Relevant international models
- Policy options
- Selected annotated bibliography
- D Digital radio broadcasting
- Development of digital radio
- Digital technology
- Overseas experience
- E Cross-ownership and control rules in other countries
- F Content regulation in other countries
- References
